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Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (Permen ESDM) Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 tentang Penyelenggaraan CCS/CCUS pada Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas BumiRegulations of the Minister of Energy and Minerals Recources (Permen ESDM) No 2 Year 2023 regarding the Implementation of CCS/CCUS in Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities3. Pemosisian Pasar: Menerima teknologi CCS/CCUS dapat meningkatkan reputasi perusahaan migashulu sebagai entitas yang bertanggung jawab secara lingkungan, potensial menarik investor yangmemprioritaskan inisiatif keberlanjutan dan meningkatkan hubungan dengan pemangku kepentingandan komunitas. 4. Estimasi Cadangan dan Eksplorasi: Memasukkan pertimbangan CCS/CCUS ke dalam estimasi cadangan dan kegiatan eksplorasi dapat mengubah keputusan investasi dan penilaian kelayakan proyek. Ini termasuk mempertimbangkan potensi pemulihan minyak yang ditingkatkan (EOR) melalui injeksi karbon dioksidadan ketersediaan formasi geologi yang cocok untuk penyimpanan karbon. 5. Pengembangan Teknologi: Investasi dalam penelitian dan pengembangan CCS/CCUS dapatmenghasilkan kemajuan teknologi dan pengurangan biaya dari waktu ke waktu, memberikan manfaattidak hanya bagi industri migas tetapi juga sektor lain yang berusaha untuk mengurangi emisi karbon.6. Efek Rantai Pasokan: Adopsi teknologi CCS/CCUS mungkin memerlukan penyesuaian dalam rantaipasokan, seperti sumber peralatan penangkapan karbon dan pengembangan keahlian dalam teknikpenyimpanan dan pemanfaatan karbon.7. Pertimbangan Transisi Energi: CCS/CCUS dapat berperan dalam transisi energi dengan memfasilitasidekarbonisasi bahan bakar fosil, terutama di sektor sulit terdekarbonisasi seperti industri berat dantransportasi di mana elektrifikasi atau sumber energi terbarukan mungkin tidak mencukupi.8. Permintaan Pasar dan Harga: Pengembangan dan adopsi luas CCS/CCUS bisa mempengaruhi dinamika permintaan dan harga produk migas, karena perusahaan mempertimbangkan biaya penangkapan danpenyimpanan/utilisasi karbon ke dalam strategi penetapan harga mereka.Secara keseluruhan, dampak kuantitatif dari pengembangan program CCS/CCUS pada usaha migas hulu tergantung pada berbagai faktor, termasuk kemajuan teknologi, kerangka regulasi, kondisi pasar, dan kerjasama industri.Quantitative impact to the company:The quantitative impact of developing CCS/CCUS (Carbon Capture and Storage/Utilization) programs on upstream oil and gas businesses can include several things:1. Operating Costs: The implementation of CCS/CCUS technology involves significant initial capital costsfor equipment installation and operational costs. However, long-term benefits can exceed these coststhrough carbon credits, lower emissions penalties, and potential revenue streams from carbon utilization.2. Regulatory Compliance: As global emissions regulations become stricter, especially in regions withstrict environmental policies, the integration of CCS/CCUS technology can help upstream oil and gascompanies meet emission reduction targets and avoid penalties.3. Market Positioning: Accepting CCS/CCUS technology can enhance upstream oil and gas companies%u2019reputation as environmentally responsible entities, potentially attracting investors who prioritizesustainability initiatives and improving relationships with stakeholders and communities.4. Reserve Estimation and Exploration: Incorporating CCS/CCUS considerations into reserve estimationand exploration activities can transform investment decisions and project feasibility assessments. Thisincludes considering the enhanced oil recovery potential (EOR) through carbon dioxide injection and the availability of suitable geological formations for carbon storage.5. Technology Development: Investment in CCS/CCUS research and development can result intechnological advancements and cost reductions over time, benefiting not only the oil and gas industrybut also other sectors that seek to reduce carbon emissions.6. Supply Chain Effects: Adoption of CCS/CCUS technology may require adjustments in the supply chain, such as sourcing carbon capture equipment and developing expertise in carbon storage and utilizationtechniques.7. Energy Transition Considerations: CCS/CCUS can play a role in the energy transition by facilitating thedecarbonization of fossil fuels, especially in hard-to-decarbonize sectors such as heavy industry andtransportation where electrification or renewable energy sources may be insufficient.8. Market Demand and Price: The development and widespread adoption of CCS/CCUS can influence the dynamics of demand and price of oil and gas products, as companies factor the cost of carbon captureand storage/utilization into their pricing strategies.Overall, the quantitative impact of CCS/CCUS program development on upstream oil and gas businesses depends on a variety of factors, including technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, market conditions, and industry cooperation.272 Laporan Tahunan %u2022 PT Pertamina Hulu EnergiPEMBAHASAN DAN ANALISIS MANAJEMENMANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 4 5 6 7